POLICY AND GOVERNANCE OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION: CHALLENGES AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
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Digital transformation in higher education is increasingly shifting from a technology agenda to a policy and institutional-change agenda. This article synthesizes governance challenges and institutional development strategies required for digital transformation to generate academic, administrative, and public value. A systematic literature review guided by PRISMA 2020 was conducted on 70 peer-reviewed studies published between 2022 and 2026. Studies were identified through publisher platforms and open scholarly indexes, DOI-deduplicated, screened using explicit eligibility criteria, and analyzed through thematic coding. Eight themes emerged: policy-strategy alignment; digital leadership and governance; readiness, maturity, and change culture; enterprise architecture, data governance, and integration; human digital competence; cybersecurity, privacy, ethics, and AI governance; equity, resilience, and sustainability; and academic-administrative process transformation. Major constraints include fragmented policies, weak cross-unit orchestration, legacy systems, poor data quality, competency gaps, cultural resistance, cyber risks, and unequal access. The study proposes the KTTD-PT Model, integrating policy alignment, governance orchestration, capability building, process transformation, institutional value creation, cross-cutting guardrails, and maturity feedback. Unlike single-domain maturity or governance frameworks, KTTD-PT connects these elements in one cyclical institutional logic. The model is conceptual and requires empirical validation.
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